• Part 2: The 7 Methods for Treating Early-Stage Prostrate Cancer

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General References
Thompson I, Thrasher JB, Aus G et al. Guideline for the Management of Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: 2007 Update. J Urol 177:2106-2131, 2007

Prostate Cancer Treatment Guide™ http://www.prostate-cancer.com/

Prostate Cancer Treatments, Prostate Cancer Institute Online http://www.prostate-cancer-institute.org

Sanda MG, Dunn RL, Michalski J et al. Quality of like and satisfaction with outcome among prostate-cancer survivors. NEJM 358:1250-1261, 2008

HIFU
Uchida T, Ohkusa H, Yamashita H et al. Five years experience of transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound using the Sonablate device in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Intl J Urol 13:228-233, 2006

Uchida T, Ohkusa H, Nagata Y et al. Treatment of localized prostate cancer using high-intensity focused ultrasound. BJU Int 97:56-61, 2005

Cryosurgery
Cooperberg M, Carroll P, Shinohara K. Prostate Cancer: Cryotherapy. http://www.emedicine.com/med/TOPIC3539.HTM

Mouraviev V and Polascik TJ. Update on cryotherapy for prostate cancer in 2006. Current Opinion Urol 16:152-156, 2006

Bahn DK, Lee F, Badalament R et al. Targeted cryoablation of the prostate: 7-year outcomes in the primary treatment of prostate cancer. Urology 60 (Suppl 2A):3-11, 2002

Han KR, Cohen JK, Miller RJ et al. Treatment of organ confined prostate cancer with third generation cryosurgery: preliminary multicenter experience. J Urol 170:1126-1130, 2003

Long JP, Bahn D, Lee F et al. Five-year retrospective, multi-institutional pooled analysis of cancer-related outcomes after cryosurgical ablation of the prostate. Urology 57:518-523

Lam JS, Shvarts O and Belldegrun AS. Cryotherapy for PCa: the next generation. Contemporary Urol 16:2-12, 2004

Radical Prostatectomy
Han M, Partin AW, Zahurak M et al.: Biochemical (prostate specific antigen) recurrence probability following radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol 169: 517-523, 2003

Potosky AL, Davis WW, Hoffman RM et al.: Five-year outcomes after prostatectomy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer: the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 96(18):1358-1367, 2004

Roehl KA, Han M, Ramos CG et al.: Cancer progression and survival rates following anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy in 3,478 consecutive patients: long-term results. J Urol 172:910-914, 2004

Ung JO, Richie JP, Chen M-H et al.: Evolution of the presentation and pathologic and biochemical outcomes after radical prostatectomy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer diagnosed during the PSA era. Urology 60:458-463, 2002

External Beam Radiation Therapy
Madalinska JB, Essink-Bot M-L, de Koning HJ et al. Health-related Quality-of-Life effects of radical prostatectomy and primary radiotherapy for screen-detected or clinically diagnosed localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 19:1619-1628, 2001.

Potosky AL, Legler J, Albertsen PC et al. Health outcomes after prostatectomy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer: results from the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:1582-1592, 2000.

Rosser CJ, Chichakli R, Levy LB et al. Biochemical disease-free survival in men younger than 60 years with prostate cancer treated with external beam radiation. J Urol 168:536-541, 2002.

Zietman AL, Chung CS, Cohen JJ et al. 10-Year outcome for men with localized prostate cancer treated with external radiation therapy: results of a cohort study. J Urol 171:210-214, 2004.

Brachytherapy
Grimm PD, Blasko JC, Sylvester JE et al. 10-Year biochemical (prostate-specific antigen) control of prostate cancer with 125I brachytherapy. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 51:31-40.

Potters L, Morgenstern C, Calugaru E et al. 12-Year outcomes following permanent prostate brachytherapy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol 173:1562-1566, 2005

Talcott JA, Clark JA, Stark PC et al. Long-term treatment related complications of brachytherapy for early prostate cancer: a survey of patients previously treated. J Urol 166:494-499, 2001

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The information supplied in this article is not to be considered as medical advice and is for educational purposes only.